刊名: 教师教育研究
主办: 北京师范大学;华东师范大学;高等学校教资培训交流北京中心
周期: 双月
出版地:北京市
语种: 中文;
开本: 大16开
ISSN: 1672-5905
CN: 11-5147/G4
邮发代号: 2-418
历史沿革:
曾用刊名:高等师范教育研究
期刊荣誉:核心期刊 CSSCI来源期刊来源期刊;国家新闻出版总署收录;Caj-cd规范获奖期刊;中国期刊网来源刊;百种重点期刊;社科双百期刊;全国优秀社科期刊
创刊时间:1989
宾语从句与表语从句详解
【作者】 单彩兰
【机构】 甘肃省民乐县第一中学
【摘要】【关键词】
宾语从句与表语从句是名词性从句中的重要组成部分,也是学生掌握整个名词性从句的基础,因此,如何让学生能较好地理解并掌握宾语从句与表语从句,而又不让他们感觉过分繁杂而失去对名词性从句的学习兴趣,就显得尤为重要。本文旨在帮助学生理解这两种从句的基本用法和特殊的语法规则,并能达到由此快速选出名词性从句引导词的目的。
名词性从句的概念:名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语,所以名词性从句可以分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、宾语从句(从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句)
位置:通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后
I want to know what he has told you.
(一)引导词
从属连词 (不作成分) that, whether, if
连接代词(作成分) what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever
连接副词(作状语)
when, where, how, why
1. that:
(1).that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充当成分,在口语当中往往省略
I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.
He said (that) he missed us very much.
注:.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下情况下不能省略:
a.当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省;
b.当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
(2).a. it常可以放在think, find, consider, feel, make等后作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾, 构成think/consider/feel/make/find+it +adj+that从句。
I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
b. 有些动词like, dislike, hate, appreciate等,其后的宾语从句通常也用it作形式宾语。
I would appreciate it if you can do me a favor
(3)在demand ,order ,suggest , insist, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,that引导的宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”,如:
She requested that I should finish my work at 9:00
2.Whether/if: if/ whether “是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后。
I wonder whether it is going to rain or not .
宾语从句中只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况:
(1). 在介词后面作宾语:
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
(2). 在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) :
They asked me whether to go skating.
(3).当与or not连用,或提出两种选择时:
I don’t know whether he’s free or not.
3.连接代词或副词连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。He asked who could answer the question.
(二)、语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
When will he go to the library? → His brother asks when he will go to the library .
(三)、时态:当主句为一般现在时,从句可以灵活使用各种时态;当主句为一般过去时,从句只能使用相应的过去时态;但如果从句表达客观真理时,从句时态仍然用一般现在时。
I think that it will rain tomorrow.
She told us that she had borrowed the book from the library.
The father told his son that the moon moves around the earth.
二、表语从句:从句在句中充当表语成分,一般放在连系动词之后。一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”
可以连接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that不能省略。另外,常用的还有The reason why … is that … 和That is why/ It is because …等结构。
从属连词:that / whether /as if /as though( if 不引导表语从句,that不可省)
连接代词:who / whom / whose / which / what (充当主语, 宾语,定语, 表语,有自己的词义, 不可省.)
连接副词:when / where / why / how / because(有词义,充当时间, 地点,方式,原因状语, 不可省.)
1. The fact is that she was late for the meeting(that引导的表语从句)
2. It sounds as if/though someone was knocking at the door.(as if/though引导的表语从句)
3. He was sent to hospital. That is because he was ill.(because引导的表语从句)
4. I’m late. That is why he got angry with me.( why引导的表语从句)
5. Their difficulty is where they can raise the money.(where引导的表语从句)
1.引导词that
(1).表语从句的引导词that不能省略
My opinion is that it’s getting better and better.
The fact was that he didn’t really try.
(2).在表“建议,劝说,命令”的名词advice,suggestion,order,proposal,request, 等后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气(should )+ 动词原形
His advice is that we (should) tell him.
My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
2.引导词because,why
That's because he didn't understand me. (那是因为他不理解我)
That's why he didn’t understand me. (那就是他不理解我的原因)
reason 做主语时,表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用because 引导。句型结构为:
The reason is that…
The reason (why…/for…)is /was that…
eg. The reason why we didn't trust him is _____ he has often lied.
总结:名词性从句中选择连接词的三个步骤:
1)由空前词判定从句类型;
2)找出从句所缺成分;
3)结合每个连词本身功能最后确定选择对象。
例 We should think carefully about ___ Mr White said at the meeting.
A. that B. what
C. which D. when
解题步骤:①由空前词think about确定此处为宾语从句,②而从句中said缺宾语,③that在句中不能充当成分,when充当时间状语,而which词义不符,故此题答案为what.